Sunday, 25 November 2018

Why MALTI-TOF MS is the next best thing for laboratory science?

Why MALTI-TOF MS is the next best thing for laboratory science? 


Many scientist prefer to use the new process of MALDI-TOF MS over similar diagnostic testing such as MLST, electrophoresis or PCR due to its superiority of being more cost efficient, faster, more accurate and being able to test a wider more range of microorganisms, DNA, sugars, peptides, polymer, lipids and proteins and other biological macromolecules. On the other hand it is quite hard to spot plates so scientists may need to practice this. There is also a downside of MALDI databases being in that there in their infancy, but the benefits definitely outweigh its limitations; such as it can use a single colony requirement for instance a direct from the blood culture. There is also a low exposure to risks due to sample inactivation so it is safer to use in laboratories and for scientists.  


**!!REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**

Saturday, 17 November 2018

Epidemiology


Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinate of health relegated sates and or events in a specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

The study of how disease is distributed in a population and the factors that influence or determine that distribution. such as a triad of host, pathogen and environment.  Epidemiology studies anything that is heath related, infectious disease and chronic disease. 

Epidemiology is used in the population and community health assessment, personal decision making and complete clinical practice as well as evaluating interventions and the search of a cause such as the exposure and relationship to disease during a outbreak investigation.



The information that is needed during a Epidemiology investigation can be a case definition, person, place, time and population not the individual case.


**REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**


Saturday, 3 November 2018

Ribsomes (complex)

Ribosomes (complex)

Aminoactyl-tRNA Synthase is the enzyme responsible for linking the amino acid to the tRNA. A specific enzyme for each amino acid and not for the tRNA. 
There are 2 adaptors which translate the genetic code to protein. 

Ribosomes are complex machinery that controls protein synthesis and 2 subunits one is large and catalyses the peptide bond formation. 
There is 1 small subunit which is small and binds mRNA and tRNA, this contains proteins and RNA. rRNA is central to the catalytic activity and is folded structure which is highly conserved and the protein has less homology and may not be as important. 

Ribosomes structures may be free in the cytoplasm  or attached to the enoplasmic reticulum. The subunits are in the nucleus in the nucleolus and transported to the cytoplasm. 
The 1 large subunit is used to catalyse the formation of  the peptide bond and the 1 small units matches the tRNA to the mRNA and moves along the mRNA adding amino acids to growing protein chain. 

Ribosomal movement is such that there are 4 binding sites and this the mRNA binding site. The peptidyl-tRNA binding site called the P site, holds tRNA attached to growing end of the peptide. 
Aminoacyl-tRNA binding site A which holders the incoming AA and the E site which is the exit site. 



**!! REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**