Acid base disorder

Acid base disorder 

Effects on cell compartmentalisation induced by changes of ionisation state of molecules.

Metabolic acids:

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose to lactate and pyruvate.

Anaerobic metabolism of fatty acids.

Oxidation of suplphur-containing amino acids (Cys and Met) and cationic amino acids (Arg and Lys).

Chemical buffers (intracellular and extracellular)

- Bicarbonate system (seconds).

- Phosphate system.

- Protein buffer system.

Physiological regulation:

- Respiratory control - the brain stem respiratory centres (1-3 minutes). Changes alveolar ventilation.

- Renal mechanisms (hours; up to a whole  day).

Its biological significance lies on the fact that can eliminate buffer hydrogen ions.

Major buffer system of blood plasma (around 70% of buffering capacity).

Not a very efficient system – pKa not within ideal range to buffer pH 7.4

Importance comes from two other features:

High concentrations in the blood.

Open system – excretion of CO2 from the lungs and reabsorption of HCO3- in the kidney.

**!!Remember to stay positive like to proton!!**