Metabolic energy balance in the body

Metabolic energy balance in the body

Metabolic energy balance in the body is used to determine by the function of liver, muscles and adipose tissues. It is mediated by the nervous system and circulating substrates such as plasma hormones levels. The energy metabolism relies heavily on the regulation of primary action of insulin and glucagon. 

Before Insulin: 
In 1960s pro-insulin was extracted from pancreas and a single chain of 84 aa and C-peptide 33 aa was cut to leave 1 insulin gene. 

The C peptide was used as a marker gene for endogenous insulin productions. 

The pre-pro-insulin had an extra 23 aa and at N terminal forming signal sequence. 

**REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!! 

A background on infections

 A background on infections 

A defense keeps us healthy however if pathogens are able to overcome our defenses then that is how a disease results. 

Pathology is the study of disease. 
Etiology is the study of the cause of the disease. 
Parthenogenesis is the development of disease. 
Infection is the colonisation of a body by pathogens. 
Disease is the abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally. 

Transient microbiota may be present for days, weeks or even months. Normal  microbiota can permanently colonies the host. 

**REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**

Disk Diffusion Method

Disk Diffusion Method 

Disk Diffusion is a Kirby-Bauer method and is commonly used for testing in laboratories. 

The zone of inhibition is the area around the antibiotic which it has successful killed bacteria around and stopped the growth of bacteria on the agar gel disk. The larger zone indicate more susceptible and smaller zones means that they are more resistant. 

To use a disk diffusion method is pretty simple the first step is to make sure you are using a well isolated 18-24 hour old specimen. Transfer the specimen to the broth.  Place the appropriate drug such as a antibiotic and invert plate and use a marker to label them and then incubate them at 35'C for about 18-24 hours, the next day you would see the zones of inhibitions and this can be measured. 

**!!REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**

I have started second year of Biomedical science!

Dear fellow Readers and Students! 

I am pleased to tell you all that I have successfully started my second year at Biomedical science! I am excited to kick  start the new academic year with new science topics and interesting scientific enhancements. which makes learning and studying so fun! I do hope all my readers have achieved there best grades and cheers to a new year! :) 

-Mr. Paracetamol