Metabolic energy balance in the body is used to determine by the function of liver, muscles and adipose tissues. It is mediated by the nervous system and circulating substrates such as plasma hormones levels. The energy metabolism relies heavily on the regulation of primary action of insulin and glucagon.
Before Insulin:
In 1960s pro-insulin was extracted from pancreas and a single chain of 84 aa and C-peptide 33 aa was cut to leave 1 insulin gene.
The C peptide was used as a marker gene for endogenous insulin productions.
The pre-pro-insulin had an extra 23 aa and at N terminal forming signal sequence.
**REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!
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