Active Transport
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Passive Transport
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Definition
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Active Transport uses ATP to pump molecules AGAINST/UP the concentration
gradient. Transport occurs from a low concentration of solute to high
concentration of solute. Requires cellular energy.
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Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes
from high to low concentration, in order to maintain equilibrium in the
cells. Does not require cellular energy.
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Types of Transport
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Endocytosis,
cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosis
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Diffusion,
facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
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Functions
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Transports molecules through the cell membrane against the concentration
gradient so more of the substance is inside the cell (i.e. a nutrient) or
outside the cell (i.e. a waste) than normal. Disrupts equilibrium established
by diffusion.
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Maintains dynamic equilibrium of water, gases, nutrients,
wastes, etc. between cells and extracellular fluid; allows for small
nutrients and gases to enter/exit. No NET diffusion/osmosis after equilibrium
is established.
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Types of Particles Transported
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proteins,
ions, large cells, complex sugars.
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Anything
soluble (meaning able to dissolve) in lipids, small monosaccharides, water,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, sex hormones, etc.
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Examples
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phagocytosis, pinocytosis, sodium/potassium pump, secretion of a
substance into the bloodstream (process is opposite of phagocytosis &
pinocytosis)
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diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
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Importance
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amino acids, sugars and lipids need to enter the cell by protein pumps, which
require active transport.These items either cannot diffuse or diffuse too
slowly for survival.
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It
maintains equilibrium in the cell. Wastes (carbon dioxide, water, etc.)
diffuse out and are excreted; nutrients and oxygen diffuse in to be used by
the cell.
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**!!REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**
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