Carbohydates

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate are molecules that are made of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. 

Monosaccharide's are the simplest sugars units such as glucose. Simple sugars usually have 3-6 carbon chains. Sucrose is classed as a non reducing sugar based on its ability to act as a reducing agent which donates electrons during a Redox reaction and is itself oxidised.  

The adehyde functional group is the reducing agent in reducing sugars and reducing agent is the reducing sugars have either an aldehye functional group or a ketone group in a open chain form which can be converted into a aldehyde group.

The method to test this is called the Benedict's test is to mix the sample with Benedict's solution this is usually Copper (II) Sulphate. If it is a Negative result it will turn blue.  In order to test for a non reducing sugar, you will need to first boil and dilute with HCL and then mix with Benedict's solution and heat, a positive result will be red.

Disaccharides are two monosaccharide's which can react to together by condensation reactions and creates a glycosidic bond. 

->Glucose  + Gluclose= Maltose

->Gluclose  + Fructose=Lactose

->Gluclose + galactose=Sucrose

The polysaccharide are long carbohydrate molecules which are formed when many monosaccharide bonds together in condensation reactions.

**REMEMBER TO STAY POSITIVE LIKE A PROTON!!**